The history of this committee can be traced back 70 years, when on August 15th, 1947, the British ended their 190 year rule over the Indian Subcontinent. This decision came in a hurry, as the control which the British had over this empire weakened drastically after World War 2. This hasty settlement led to the disorderly drawing of the border separating the two newly formed nations, India and Pakistan. It is estimated that the partition displaced around 10 to 12 million people along religious lines, creating chaotic refugee crises in both countries. This partition was of a particularly violent nature, with lives lost adding to approximately 2 million. An atmosphere of hostility and suspicion was created due to this event, permanently damaging relations between the newly formed countries. There have been several other major conflicts between the two countries- these are briefly described below.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
Also called the First Kashmir War, this occurred when tribal Islamic forces, with the help of the army of Pakistan, attacked and occupied parts of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. This forced the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir to sign an Instrument of Accession of the princely state to India to receive military aid. The UN Security Council passed resolution 47 on the 22nd of April, 1948, forming what is known as the Line of Control. India had control of about 2/3 of the state (Jammu, Ladakh, Kashmir Valley), whereas Pakistan gained control of the remaining part of the state (Azad Kashmir, Gilgit Baltistan).

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
This conflict began after Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir. India retaliated by launching a full scale attack on Pakistan. This subsequently led to the largest engagement of armoured vehicles, the largest tank battle since World War 2 and the largest moment of troops in Jammu and Kashmir since the partition of 1947. The United Nations declared a ceasefire following diplomatic intervention by the United States and the Soviet Union. Representatives of India and Pakistan met in the Soviet controlled Tashkent. A ceasefire was then declared.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
A revolution was taking place in East Pakistan owing to Bengali Nationalists. Pakistan launched Operation Searchlight wherein threats to national security were eliminated. This caused around 10 million people taking refuge in the north eastern states of India. This proved to be costly for India, with the only other option to declare war on West Pakistan. West Pakistan took India by surprise, and launched preemptive strikes across the border. India heavily retaliated and gained around 10,015 square kilometres of Pakistani land. 90,000 Pakistani military troops and civilians surrendered to the Indian Armed Forces, this being the highest number of prisoners of war since World War 2. The Pakistani land gained by India was gifted back to Pakistan in the Shimla Agreement of 1972 as a gesture of goodwill. The war resulted in the formation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1999
Commonly known as the Kargil War, this war took place when Pakistani troops infiltrated across the Line of Control, occupying territory mostly in the Kargil District. India retaliated both militarily and diplomatically, forcing the international community to pressurise the already unstable Pakistan and its failing economy. Fearing isolation, the Pakistani forces withdrew from the remaining areas in India which I had under control. Later, Nawaz Sharif claimed that Pakistan had badly lost the war, with casualties of around 4,000. A ceasefire was declared in late July, after around 7 months of action.
Recently, there have been a number of confrontations between the military of both countries. These will play significant role in the progress of this committee. These are explained below.

The Uri Attacks-2016
On 18th September, 2016, 4 militants ambushed an Indian Army Brigade near the Line of Control, in the small town of Uri. 17 grenades were thrown by the militants, killing 17 soldiers on the spot. A 6 hour gun fight ensued, during which all 4 of the militants were killed. 19-30 soldiers were injured, with 2 of them succumbing to injuries. Following the attacks, both the Indian and Pakistani soldiers placed on the Line of Control were on high alert. The Jaish-e-Mohammad took responsibility for the attack, and the Government of India condemned it. 11 days later, on the 28th of September, 2016, the Indian Army announced that Surgical Strikes had been launched on the same day, and were successful in eliminating militant launch pads across the line of control, inflicting severe casualties along the way. Pakistani sources claimed that the incident was only a slight altercation on the border, ensuing the death of only 2 Pakistani soldiers. However, the Indian Army released footage of the attacks to prove otherwise.

Pulwama Attacks-2019
On 14th February, 2019, a convoy of Central Reserve Police Force personnel was attacked by a suicide bomber in a vehicle, killing 40 people. Just like the Uri Attacks, the Pulwama Attacks were also organised by the Jaish-e-Mohammad. India condemned the attacks, and blamed Pakistan for aiding such terrorist groups. On the 26th of February, 2019, 12 Mirage 2000 jets crossed the line of control and flew into Pakistani airspace, killing 300-350 militants in their training camps. On the 26th of February, 2019, the Pakistan Air Force conducted an air strike on Jammu and Kashmir, in lieu of the air strikes conducted by the Indian Air Force the day before. Both India and Pakistan agree that there were no casualties due to the air strike. However, a dogfight took place, in which an Indian Mig-21, with Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman on board, got shot down over Pakistani airspace and captured by the Pakistan Army. After a lot of political pressure, Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman got released back to India on the 1st of March, 2019.